In [1]:
import pandas as pd

# Load the uploaded CSV file
file_path = 'C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/Raw - analytics-uncoded-15-04-2024 - edited.csv'
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)

# Display basic info and first few rows
df.info(), df.head()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 76 entries, 0 to 75
Data columns (total 37 columns):
 #   Column                                                                                                                                                 Non-Null Count  Dtype  
---  ------                                                                                                                                                 --------------  -----  
 0   Response ID                                                                                                                                            76 non-null     object 
 1   1. Would you like to continue?                                                                                                                         76 non-null     object 
 2   2. How old are you?                                                                                                                                    76 non-null     object 
 3   3. What year are you in?                                                                                                                               76 non-null     object 
 4   5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?                                                                                     76 non-null     object 
 5   7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)                                                          76 non-null     object 
 6   9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?                                                       76 non-null     object 
 7   10. In your opinion what are the benefits of incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Please select all that apply)                                76 non-null     object 
 8   12. What concerns, if any, do you have about incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Select all that apply)                                       76 non-null     object 
 9   14. What do you think would be the best way to incorporate AI in to the veterinary curriculum effectively? (Please select all that apply)              76 non-null     object 
 10  15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?                                                                    76 non-null     object 
 11  16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?                                                              76 non-null     object 
 12  17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?                                                                    76 non-null     object 
 13  18. In your opinion what are the benefits of incorporating AI into veterinary practice? (Please select all that apply)                                 76 non-null     object 
 14  19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here                                                          17 non-null     object 
 15  20. What concerns, if any, do you have about incorporating AI into veterinary practice? (Select all that apply)                                        76 non-null     object 
 16  22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice                                                      76 non-null     object 
 17  23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?  76 non-null     object 
 18  24. If an AI tool was to be developed for clinical practice, what would you like the AI tool to be able to do? (suggestions or ideas are welcome)      34 non-null     object 
 19  26. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following opinions?                                                                                 0 non-null      float64
 20  26.1. Age influences a veterinarian’s openness to use of AI in practice?                                                                               76 non-null     object 
 21  26.2. AI can positively impact the field of veterinary medicine                                                                                        75 non-null     object 
 22  26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice                                76 non-null     object 
 23  26.4. The disadvantages of AI outweigh its advantages in veterinary practice                                                                           76 non-null     object 
 24  26.5. In the next 10 years AI will be more accepted for use by veterinary clinicians                                                                   76 non-null     object 
 25  26.6. I am open to AI use in my veterinary career                                                                                                      76 non-null     object 
 26  26.7. AI will decrease human errors in clinical practice                                                                                               76 non-null     object 
 27  26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice                                                                            76 non-null     object 
 28  4. What are the first three words that come to mind when someone mentions Artificial intelligence (AI) ?                                               76 non-null     object 
 29  6. What 3 words do you think of when people talk about AI in Veterinary practice?                                                                      76 non-null     object 
 30  8. If you answered 'yes' could you give any specific examples?                                                                                         48 non-null     object 
 31  11. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary education please specify here                                                         21 non-null     object 
 32  13. If you have any other concerns about AI in veterinary education please specify here                                                                22 non-null     object 
 33  19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here.1                                                        17 non-null     object 
 34  21. If you have any other concerns with AI in veterinary practice please specify here                                                                  14 non-null     object 
 35  25. What specific areas of veterinary medicine do you believe could benefit the most from the integration of AI? Why?                                  76 non-null     object 
 36  Completion Date                                                                                                                                        76 non-null     object 
dtypes: float64(1), object(36)
memory usage: 22.1+ KB
Out[1]:
(None,
                  Response ID 1. Would you like to continue?  \
 0  clt8jb2sf01r342d2tdlie569                            Yes   
 1  clt8jd3v101s942d2s2lx59qq                            Yes   
 2  clt8jdzcf01sx42d2muflfse8                            Yes   
 3  clt8je7cg01t342d23zvfuei4                            Yes   
 4  clt8kf9wp00hhb7aws8bnua08                            Yes   
 
   2. How old are you? 3. What year are you in?  \
 0               20-23               Third year   
 1               20-23               Third year   
 2               20-23               Third year   
 3               20-23               Third year   
 4               24-26               Third year   
 
   5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?   \
 0                                                 No                    
 1                                                 No                    
 2                                                 No                    
 3                                                 No                    
 4                                                Yes                    
 
   7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)  \
 0                                                 No                                              
 1                                                Yes                                              
 2                                                 No                                              
 3                                                Yes                                              
 4                                                Yes                                              
 
   9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?   \
 0                                     Very Important                                                  
 1                                Somewhat important                                                   
 2                                      Not important                                                  
 3                                Somewhat important                                                   
 4                                Somewhat important                                                   
 
   10. In your opinion what are the benefits of incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Please select all that apply)   \
 0  Keeping Pace with Technological Advancements,I...                                                                         
 1  Keeping Pace with Technological Advancements,I...                                                                         
 2                        Improved treatment planning                                                                         
 3  Keeping Pace with Technological Advancements,E...                                                                         
 4  Keeping Pace with Technological Advancements,I...                                                                         
 
   12. What concerns, if any, do you have about incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Select all that apply)   \
 0         AI is too 'high tech' and overcomplicated                                                                   
 1  Overreliance on technology,AI is too 'high tec...                                                                  
 2     Overreliance on technology,Ethical challenges                                                                   
 3  Integration challenges within the curriculum ,...                                                                  
 4                                 I have no concerns                                                                  
 
   14. What do you think would be the best way to incorporate AI in to the veterinary curriculum effectively? (Please select all that apply)  \
 0  Collaborative Research Projects,Lectures and s...                                                                                          
 1  Collaborative Research Projects,Hands on work ...                                                                                          
 2                    Collaborative Research Projects                                                                                          
 3  Collaborative Research Projects,Hands on work ...                                                                                          
 4                             Lectures and seminars                                                                                           
 
    ...  \
 0  ...   
 1  ...   
 2  ...   
 3  ...   
 4  ...   
 
   26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice  \
 0                                           Disagree                            
 1                                              Agree                            
 2                                            Neutral                            
 3                                              Agree                            
 4                                              Agree                            
 
   4. What are the first three words that come to mind when someone mentions Artificial intelligence (AI) ?  \
 0                   Technology \nRobots \nComputers                                                          
 1                              Future \nNew\nUseful                                                          
 2                      Helpful, inaccurate, cheating                                                         
 3                          Cheating, helpful, robot                                                          
 4                    Complex \nFuture \nDevelopment                                                          
 
   6. What 3 words do you think of when people talk about AI in Veterinary practice?  \
 0      \nComputerised \nIntelligence \nAdvancements                                   
 1                      Futuristic \nNew\nAssistance                                   
 2                     Artificial insemination, scary                                  
 3                   Helpful, inaccurate, rarely used                                  
 4                    Innovating \nChanging \nBetter                                   
 
   8. If you answered 'yes' could you give any specific examples?   \
 0                                                NaN                
 1                           Chat gpt and Snapchat AI                
 2                                                NaN                
 3                                           Chat gbt                
 4                                          Chat gpt                 
 
   11. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary education please specify here  \
 0                                                NaN                                               
 1                                                NaN                                               
 2                                                NaN                                               
 3                                                NaN                                               
 4                                                NaN                                               
 
   13. If you have any other concerns about AI in veterinary education please specify here  \
 0                                                NaN                                        
 1                                                NaN                                        
 2                                                NaN                                        
 3                                                NaN                                        
 4                                                NaN                                        
 
   19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here.1  \
 0                                                NaN                                                
 1                                                NaN                                                
 2                                                NaN                                                
 3                                                NaN                                                
 4                                                NaN                                                
 
   21. If you have any other concerns with AI in veterinary practice please specify here  \
 0                                                NaN                                      
 1                                                NaN                                      
 2                                                NaN                                      
 3                                                NaN                                      
 4                                                NaN                                      
 
   25. What specific areas of veterinary medicine do you believe could benefit the most from the integration of AI? Why?  \
 0                  Treatment and diagnosis \nSurgery                                                                      
 1  Treatment plans \nUse of large data sets such ...                                                                      
 2  Consults, vets spend a lot of time typing, whi...                                                                      
 3                       Dose calculations, consults                                                                       
 4  Handling large data sets stop reduce human error                                                                       
 
            Completion Date  
 0  2024-03-01 10:51:32 UTC  
 1  2024-03-01 10:53:07 UTC  
 2  2024-03-01 10:53:48 UTC  
 3  2024-03-01 10:53:58 UTC  
 4  2024-03-01 11:22:48 UTC  
 
 [5 rows x 37 columns])
In [2]:
# Rename columns for readability and consistency
df.columns = [col.strip().split(". ", 1)[-1].replace("?", "").replace("(", "").replace(")", "").replace("\n", " ").strip().replace(" ", "_").lower() for col in df.columns]

# Display cleaned column names
df.columns.tolist()
Out[2]:
['response_id',
 'would_you_like_to_continue',
 'how_old_are_you',
 'what_year_are_you_in',
 'are_you_familiar_with_the_concept_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine',
 'have_you_ever_used_a_ai_based_platform_or_technology_not_necessarily_veterinary_related',
 'in_your_opinion,_how_important_is_it_to_incorporate_ai_into_veterinary_teaching_and_learning',
 'in_your_opinion_what_are_the_benefits_of_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_education_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'what_concerns,_if_any,_do_you_have_about_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_education_select_all_that_apply',
 'what_do_you_think_would_be_the_best_way_to_incorporate_ai_in_to_the_veterinary_curriculum_effectively_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'do_you_feel_adequately_prepared_to_learn_about_ai_in_your_veterinary_education',
 'are_you_interested_in_advocating_for_the_integration_of_ai_into_veterinary_education',
 'in_your_opinion_how_important_is_it_to_incorporate_ai_into_veterinary_practice',
 'in_your_opinion_what_are_the_benefits_of_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_practice_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here',
 'what_concerns,_if_any,_do_you_have_about_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_practice_select_all_that_apply',
 'which_of_the_following_statements_best_describes_your_outlook_on_the_future_of_ai_in_practice',
 'do_you_believe_collaboration_between_veterinarians_and_ai_developers_is_essential_for_the_successful_implementation_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine',
 'if_an_ai_tool_was_to_be_developed_for_clinical_practice,_what_would_you_like_the_ai_tool_to_be_able_to_do_suggestions_or_ideas_are_welcome',
 'how_strongly_do_you_agree_or_disagree_with_the_following_opinions',
 'age_influences_a_veterinarian’s_openness_to_use_of_ai_in_practice',
 'ai_can_positively_impact_the_field_of_veterinary_medicine',
 'i_trust_the_reliability_and_accuracy_of_ai_systems_for_supporting_clinical_decision-making_in_veterinary_practice',
 'the_disadvantages_of_ai_outweigh_its_advantages_in_veterinary_practice',
 'in_the_next_10_years_ai_will_be_more_accepted_for_use_by_veterinary_clinicians',
 'i_am_open_to_ai_use_in_my_veterinary_career',
 'ai_will_decrease_human_errors_in_clinical_practice',
 'i_am_concerned_about_the_ethical_implications_of_using_ai_in_practice',
 'what_are_the_first_three_words_that_come_to_mind_when_someone_mentions_artificial_intelligence_ai',
 'what_3_words_do_you_think_of_when_people_talk_about_ai_in_veterinary_practice',
 "if_you_answered_'yes'_could_you_give_any_specific_examples",
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_education_please_specify_here',
 'if_you_have_any_other_concerns_about_ai_in_veterinary_education_please_specify_here',
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here.1',
 'if_you_have_any_other_concerns_with_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here',
 'what_specific_areas_of_veterinary_medicine_do_you_believe_could_benefit_the_most_from_the_integration_of_ai_why',
 'completion_date']
In [3]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Set seaborn style
sns.set(style="whitegrid")

# Create plots for age and year distributions
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(16, 6))

# Plot age distribution
sns.countplot(data=df, x='how_old_are_you', order=df['how_old_are_you'].value_counts().index, ax=axs[0], palette="viridis")
axs[0].set_title('Age Distribution of Respondents')
axs[0].set_xlabel('Age Group')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Number of Respondents')

# Plot year in school distribution
sns.countplot(data=df, x='what_year_are_you_in', order=df['what_year_are_you_in'].value_counts().index, ax=axs[1], palette="mako")
axs[1].set_title('Academic Year Distribution')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Year in School')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Number of Respondents')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [4]:
# Plot AI familiarity and usage
fig, axs = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(16, 6))

# AI Familiarity
sns.countplot(data=df, x='are_you_familiar_with_the_concept_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine',
              order=df['are_you_familiar_with_the_concept_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine'].value_counts().index,
              ax=axs[0], palette="coolwarm")
axs[0].set_title('Familiarity with AI in Veterinary Medicine')
axs[0].set_xlabel('Familiar with AI Concept')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Number of Respondents')

# AI Usage in General
sns.countplot(data=df, x='have_you_ever_used_a_ai_based_platform_or_technology_not_necessarily_veterinary_related',
              order=df['have_you_ever_used_a_ai_based_platform_or_technology_not_necessarily_veterinary_related'].value_counts().index,
              ax=axs[1], palette="cubehelix")
axs[1].set_title('General Use of AI-Based Platforms')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Used AI-Based Tech')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Number of Respondents')

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [5]:
# Print all column names to identify the exact matching names due to formatting issues
df.columns.tolist()
Out[5]:
['response_id',
 'would_you_like_to_continue',
 'how_old_are_you',
 'what_year_are_you_in',
 'are_you_familiar_with_the_concept_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine',
 'have_you_ever_used_a_ai_based_platform_or_technology_not_necessarily_veterinary_related',
 'in_your_opinion,_how_important_is_it_to_incorporate_ai_into_veterinary_teaching_and_learning',
 'in_your_opinion_what_are_the_benefits_of_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_education_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'what_concerns,_if_any,_do_you_have_about_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_education_select_all_that_apply',
 'what_do_you_think_would_be_the_best_way_to_incorporate_ai_in_to_the_veterinary_curriculum_effectively_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'do_you_feel_adequately_prepared_to_learn_about_ai_in_your_veterinary_education',
 'are_you_interested_in_advocating_for_the_integration_of_ai_into_veterinary_education',
 'in_your_opinion_how_important_is_it_to_incorporate_ai_into_veterinary_practice',
 'in_your_opinion_what_are_the_benefits_of_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_practice_please_select_all_that_apply',
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here',
 'what_concerns,_if_any,_do_you_have_about_incorporating_ai_into_veterinary_practice_select_all_that_apply',
 'which_of_the_following_statements_best_describes_your_outlook_on_the_future_of_ai_in_practice',
 'do_you_believe_collaboration_between_veterinarians_and_ai_developers_is_essential_for_the_successful_implementation_of_ai_in_veterinary_medicine',
 'if_an_ai_tool_was_to_be_developed_for_clinical_practice,_what_would_you_like_the_ai_tool_to_be_able_to_do_suggestions_or_ideas_are_welcome',
 'how_strongly_do_you_agree_or_disagree_with_the_following_opinions',
 'age_influences_a_veterinarian’s_openness_to_use_of_ai_in_practice',
 'ai_can_positively_impact_the_field_of_veterinary_medicine',
 'i_trust_the_reliability_and_accuracy_of_ai_systems_for_supporting_clinical_decision-making_in_veterinary_practice',
 'the_disadvantages_of_ai_outweigh_its_advantages_in_veterinary_practice',
 'in_the_next_10_years_ai_will_be_more_accepted_for_use_by_veterinary_clinicians',
 'i_am_open_to_ai_use_in_my_veterinary_career',
 'ai_will_decrease_human_errors_in_clinical_practice',
 'i_am_concerned_about_the_ethical_implications_of_using_ai_in_practice',
 'what_are_the_first_three_words_that_come_to_mind_when_someone_mentions_artificial_intelligence_ai',
 'what_3_words_do_you_think_of_when_people_talk_about_ai_in_veterinary_practice',
 "if_you_answered_'yes'_could_you_give_any_specific_examples",
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_education_please_specify_here',
 'if_you_have_any_other_concerns_about_ai_in_veterinary_education_please_specify_here',
 'if_you_have_any_other_potential_benefits_of_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here.1',
 'if_you_have_any_other_concerns_with_ai_in_veterinary_practice_please_specify_here',
 'what_specific_areas_of_veterinary_medicine_do_you_believe_could_benefit_the_most_from_the_integration_of_ai_why',
 'completion_date']
In [6]:
pip install ace

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: ace in c:\users\odaramola1\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (0.3.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ace) (1.23.5)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy>=0.17 in c:\programdata\anaconda3\lib\site-packages (from ace) (1.10.0)
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
In [7]:
pip install ace-tools

Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: ace-tools in c:\users\odaramola1\appdata\roaming\python\python310\site-packages (0.0)
Note: you may need to restart the kernel to use updated packages.
In [8]:
import pandas as pd

# Load your CSV file
df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/Raw - analytics-uncoded-15-04-2024 - edited.csv")  # Replace with your actual path

# Clean column names to avoid trailing spaces
df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()

# Select key survey questions
selected_columns = [
    "2. How old are you?",
    "3. What year are you in?",
    "5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?",
    "7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)",
    "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?",
    "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?",
    "16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?",
    "17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?",
    "22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice",
    "23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?"
]

# Generate and display value counts for each selected column
for col in selected_columns:
    print(f"\n--- {col} ---")
    print(df[col].value_counts(dropna=False))

--- 2. How old are you? ---
20-23       46
Under 20    10
30+          9
24-26        6
27-30        5
Name: 2. How old are you?, dtype: int64

--- 3. What year are you in? ---
Third year     50
Fourth year    11
First year      9
Second year     5
Fifth year      1
Name: 3. What year are you in?, dtype: int64

--- 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine? ---
No                   34
Somewhat familiar    31
Yes                  11
Name: 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?, dtype: int64

--- 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related) ---
Yes    48
No     28
Name: 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related), dtype: int64

--- 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning? ---
Somewhat important     52
Very Important         14
Not important          10
Name: 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?, dtype: int64

--- 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education? ---
No     42
Yes    34
Name: 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?, dtype: int64

--- 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education? ---
Yes    41
No     35
Name: 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?, dtype: int64

--- 17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice? ---
Somewhat important    41
Very important        25
Not important         10
Name: 17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?, dtype: int64

--- 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice ---
I am optimistic      39
I am sceptical       28
I have no opinion     9
Name: 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice, dtype: int64

--- 23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine? ---
Yes    68
No      8
Name: 23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?, dtype: int64
In [9]:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Load and clean data
df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/Raw - analytics-uncoded-15-04-2024 - edited.csv")  # Replace with your actual file path
df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()  # Remove trailing spaces from headers

# List of key categorical survey questions
columns_to_plot = [
    "2. How old are you?",
    "3. What year are you in?",
    "5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?",
    "7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)",
    "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?",
    "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?",
    "16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?",
    "17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?",
    "22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice",
    "23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?"
]

# Plot each as a bar chart
for col in columns_to_plot:
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
    sns.countplot(y=df[col], order=df[col].value_counts().index, palette="viridis")
    plt.title(f"Response Distribution: {col}", fontsize=12)
    plt.xlabel("Count")
    plt.ylabel("Response")
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()
In [10]:
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Load and clean the data
df = pd.read_csv("C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/Raw - analytics-uncoded-15-04-2024 - edited.csv")  # Replace with your actual file path
df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()  # Clean column headers

# List of key categorical survey questions
columns_to_plot = [
    "2. How old are you?",
    "3. What year are you in?",
    "5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?",
    "7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)",
    "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?",
    "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?",
    "16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?",
    "17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?",
    "22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice",
    "23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?"
]

# Create vertical bar plots
for col in columns_to_plot:
    plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
    sns.countplot(data=df, x=col, order=df[col].value_counts().index, palette="crest")
    plt.title(f"Distribution of Responses: {col}", fontsize=12)
    plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
    plt.ylabel("Count")
    plt.xlabel("Response")
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()
In [11]:
# Re-run categorical distribution overview and display using standard Python (no ace_tools)

# Clean column headers again just to ensure consistency
df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()

# Define relevant columns
categorical_columns = [
    "2. How old are you?",
    "3. What year are you in?",
    "5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?",
    "7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)",
    "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?",
    "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?",
    "16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?",
    "17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?",
    "22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice",
    "23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?"
]

# Generate value counts and display each
categorical_distributions = {}
for col in categorical_columns:
    counts = df[col].value_counts(dropna=False)
    categorical_distributions[col] = counts
    print(f"\n--- {col} ---")
    print(counts)

--- 2. How old are you? ---
20-23       46
Under 20    10
30+          9
24-26        6
27-30        5
Name: 2. How old are you?, dtype: int64

--- 3. What year are you in? ---
Third year     50
Fourth year    11
First year      9
Second year     5
Fifth year      1
Name: 3. What year are you in?, dtype: int64

--- 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine? ---
No                   34
Somewhat familiar    31
Yes                  11
Name: 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?, dtype: int64

--- 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related) ---
Yes    48
No     28
Name: 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related), dtype: int64

--- 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning? ---
Somewhat important     52
Very Important         14
Not important          10
Name: 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?, dtype: int64

--- 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education? ---
No     42
Yes    34
Name: 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?, dtype: int64

--- 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education? ---
Yes    41
No     35
Name: 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?, dtype: int64

--- 17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice? ---
Somewhat important    41
Very important        25
Not important         10
Name: 17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?, dtype: int64

--- 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice ---
I am optimistic      39
I am sceptical       28
I have no opinion     9
Name: 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice, dtype: int64

--- 23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine? ---
Yes    68
No      8
Name: 23. Do you believe collaboration between veterinarians and AI developers is essential for the successful implementation of AI in veterinary medicine?, dtype: int64
In [12]:
# Descriptive statistics for numeric and categorical data

# Basic descriptive stats for numeric data (only one column appears numeric from earlier check)
numeric_description = df.describe(include=[float, int])

# Basic stats for categorical/object data
categorical_description = df.describe(include=[object])

numeric_description, categorical_description
Out[12]:
(       26. How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following opinions?
 count                                                0.0                     
 mean                                                 NaN                     
 std                                                  NaN                     
 min                                                  NaN                     
 25%                                                  NaN                     
 50%                                                  NaN                     
 75%                                                  NaN                     
 max                                                  NaN                     ,
                       Response ID 1. Would you like to continue?  \
 count                          76                             76   
 unique                         76                              1   
 top     clt8jb2sf01r342d2tdlie569                            Yes   
 freq                            1                             76   
 
        2. How old are you? 3. What year are you in?  \
 count                   76                       76   
 unique                   5                        5   
 top                  20-23               Third year   
 freq                    46                       50   
 
        5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?  \
 count                                                  76                   
 unique                                                  3                   
 top                                                    No                   
 freq                                                   34                   
 
        7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)  \
 count                                                  76                                              
 unique                                                  2                                              
 top                                                   Yes                                              
 freq                                                   48                                              
 
        9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  \
 count                                                  76                                                 
 unique                                                  3                                                 
 top                                   Somewhat important                                                  
 freq                                                   52                                                 
 
        10. In your opinion what are the benefits of incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Please select all that apply)  \
 count                                                  76                                                                        
 unique                                                 11                                                                        
 top     Keeping Pace with Technological Advancements,I...                                                                        
 freq                                                   23                                                                        
 
        12. What concerns, if any, do you have about incorporating AI into veterinary education? (Select all that apply)  \
 count                                                  76                                                                 
 unique                                                 16                                                                 
 top        Overreliance on technology,Ethical challenges                                                                  
 freq                                                   24                                                                 
 
        14. What do you think would be the best way to incorporate AI in to the veterinary curriculum effectively? (Please select all that apply)  \
 count                                                  76                                                                                          
 unique                                                 23                                                                                          
 top        Continuous Professional Development programmes                                                                                          
 freq                                                   14                                                                                          
 
         ...  \
 count   ...   
 unique  ...   
 top     ...   
 freq    ...   
 
        26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice  \
 count                                                  76                            
 unique                                                  4                            
 top                                                 Agree                            
 freq                                                   43                            
 
        4. What are the first three words that come to mind when someone mentions Artificial intelligence (AI) ?  \
 count                                                  76                                                         
 unique                                                 72                                                         
 top                         Helpful, inaccurate, cheating                                                         
 freq                                                    2                                                         
 
        6. What 3 words do you think of when people talk about AI in Veterinary practice?  \
 count                                                  76                                  
 unique                                                 73                                  
 top                         Futuristic \nNew\nAssistance                                   
 freq                                                    2                                  
 
        8. If you answered 'yes' could you give any specific examples?  \
 count                                                  48               
 unique                                                 40               
 top                                               ChatGPT               
 freq                                                    5               
 
        11. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary education please specify here  \
 count                                                  21                                               
 unique                                                 18                                               
 top     Simulation and virtual reality, continuous lea...                                               
 freq                                                    3                                               
 
        13. If you have any other concerns about AI in veterinary education please specify here  \
 count                                                  22                                        
 unique                                                 18                                        
 top     Depersonalisation of learning\nJob displacemen...                                        
 freq                                                    2                                        
 
        19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here.1  \
 count                                                  17                                                
 unique                                                 15                                                
 top     Help come up with differentials that vets may ...                                                
 freq                                                    2                                                
 
        21. If you have any other concerns with AI in veterinary practice please specify here  \
 count                                                  14                                      
 unique                                                  9                                      
 top     data privacy and security, algorithm bias, cos...                                      
 freq                                                    3                                      
 
        25. What specific areas of veterinary medicine do you believe could benefit the most from the integration of AI? Why?  \
 count                                                  76                                                                      
 unique                                                 72                                                                      
 top     Treatment plans \nUse of large data sets such ...                                                                      
 freq                                                    2                                                                      
 
                 Completion Date  
 count                        76  
 unique                       75  
 top     2024-03-19 14:41:20 UTC  
 freq                          2  
 
 [4 rows x 36 columns])
In [13]:
# Cross-tab analysis: AI Familiarity vs Importance of AI in Education
crosstab_familiarity_importance = pd.crosstab(
    df["5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?"],
    df["9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?"],
    margins=True,
    normalize='index'
)

# Raw counts as well
crosstab_counts = pd.crosstab(
    df["5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?"],
    df["9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?"],
    margins=True
)

crosstab_familiarity_importance, crosstab_counts
Out[13]:
(9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Not important  \
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                
 No                                                                                                     0.176471   
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                      0.064516   
 Yes                                                                                                    0.181818   
 All                                                                                                    0.131579   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Somewhat important   \
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                      
 No                                                                                                           0.617647   
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                            0.741935   
 Yes                                                                                                          0.727273   
 All                                                                                                          0.684211   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Very Important  
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                
 No                                                                                                      0.205882  
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                       0.193548  
 Yes                                                                                                     0.090909  
 All                                                                                                     0.184211  ,
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Not important  \
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                
 No                                                                                                            6   
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                             2   
 Yes                                                                                                           2   
 All                                                                                                          10   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Somewhat important   \
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                      
 No                                                                                                                 21   
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                                  23   
 Yes                                                                                                                 8   
 All                                                                                                                52   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Very Important  \
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                                 
 No                                                                                                             7   
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                              6   
 Yes                                                                                                            1   
 All                                                                                                           14   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  All  
 5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in V...                                                     
 No                                                                                                 34  
 Somewhat familiar                                                                                  31  
 Yes                                                                                                11  
 All                                                                                                76  )
In [14]:
# Cross-tab analysis: AI Usage vs. Willingness to Advocate for AI in Education

crosstab_usage_advocacy = pd.crosstab(
    df["7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)"],
    df["16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?"],
    margins=True,
    normalize='index'
)

# Raw count version
crosstab_usage_advocacy_counts = pd.crosstab(
    df["7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)"],
    df["16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?"],
    margins=True
)

crosstab_usage_advocacy, crosstab_usage_advocacy_counts
Out[14]:
(16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?        No  \
 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or te...                                                    
 No                                                                                         0.607143   
 Yes                                                                                        0.375000   
 All                                                                                        0.460526   
 
 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?       Yes  
 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or te...                                                   
 No                                                                                         0.392857  
 Yes                                                                                        0.625000  
 All                                                                                        0.539474  ,
 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?  No  \
 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or te...                                              
 No                                                                                         17   
 Yes                                                                                        18   
 All                                                                                        35   
 
 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?  Yes  \
 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or te...                                               
 No                                                                                          11   
 Yes                                                                                         30   
 All                                                                                         41   
 
 16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?  All  
 7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or te...                                              
 No                                                                                          28  
 Yes                                                                                         48  
 All                                                                                         76  )
In [15]:
# Cross-tab analysis: Year of Study vs. AI Outlook

crosstab_year_outlook = pd.crosstab(
    df["3. What year are you in?"],
    df["22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice"],
    margins=True,
    normalize='index'
)

# Raw count version
crosstab_year_outlook_counts = pd.crosstab(
    df["3. What year are you in?"],
    df["22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice"],
    margins=True
)

crosstab_year_outlook, crosstab_year_outlook_counts
Out[15]:
(22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I am optimistic   \
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                              
 Fifth year                                                                                                 1.000000   
 First year                                                                                                 1.000000   
 Fourth year                                                                                                0.454545   
 Second year                                                                                                0.800000   
 Third year                                                                                                 0.400000   
 All                                                                                                        0.513158   
 
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I am sceptical  \
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                            
 Fifth year                                                                                               0.000000   
 First year                                                                                               0.000000   
 Fourth year                                                                                              0.545455   
 Second year                                                                                              0.200000   
 Third year                                                                                               0.420000   
 All                                                                                                      0.368421   
 
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I have no opinion  
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                              
 Fifth year                                                                                                  0.000000  
 First year                                                                                                  0.000000  
 Fourth year                                                                                                 0.000000  
 Second year                                                                                                 0.000000  
 Third year                                                                                                  0.180000  
 All                                                                                                         0.118421  ,
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I am optimistic   \
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                              
 Fifth year                                                                                                        1   
 First year                                                                                                        9   
 Fourth year                                                                                                       5   
 Second year                                                                                                       4   
 Third year                                                                                                       20   
 All                                                                                                              39   
 
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I am sceptical  \
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                            
 Fifth year                                                                                                      0   
 First year                                                                                                      0   
 Fourth year                                                                                                     6   
 Second year                                                                                                     1   
 Third year                                                                                                     21   
 All                                                                                                            28   
 
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  I have no opinion  \
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                               
 Fifth year                                                                                                         0   
 First year                                                                                                         0   
 Fourth year                                                                                                        0   
 Second year                                                                                                        0   
 Third year                                                                                                         9   
 All                                                                                                                9   
 
 22. which of the following statements best describes your outlook on the future of AI in practice  All  
 3. What year are you in?                                                                                
 Fifth year                                                                                           1  
 First year                                                                                           9  
 Fourth year                                                                                         11  
 Second year                                                                                          5  
 Third year                                                                                          50  
 All                                                                                                 76  )
In [16]:
# Cross-tab analysis: Ethical Concerns vs. Trust in AI

# Columns used:
# - Ethical Concern: "26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"
# - Trust in AI: "26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice"

crosstab_ethics_trust = pd.crosstab(
    df["26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"],
    df["26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice"],
    margins=True,
    normalize='index'
)

# Raw count version
crosstab_ethics_trust_counts = pd.crosstab(
    df["26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"],
    df["26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice"],
    margins=True
)

crosstab_ethics_trust, crosstab_ethics_trust_counts
Out[16]:
(26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice     Agree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                  
 Agree                                                                                                                    0.046512   
 Disagree                                                                                                                 0.333333   
 Neutral                                                                                                                  0.157895   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                           0.250000   
 All                                                                                                                      0.118421   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Disagree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                  
 Agree                                                                                                                    0.372093   
 Disagree                                                                                                                 0.166667   
 Neutral                                                                                                                  0.315789   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                           0.375000   
 All                                                                                                                      0.342105   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice   Neutral  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                  
 Agree                                                                                                                    0.511628   
 Disagree                                                                                                                 0.333333   
 Neutral                                                                                                                  0.368421   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                           0.250000   
 All                                                                                                                      0.434211   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Strongly agree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                        
 Agree                                                                                                                          0.023256   
 Disagree                                                                                                                       0.166667   
 Neutral                                                                                                                        0.157895   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                 0.000000   
 All                                                                                                                            0.065789   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Strongly disagree  
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                          
 Agree                                                                                                                             0.046512  
 Disagree                                                                                                                          0.000000  
 Neutral                                                                                                                           0.000000  
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                    0.125000  
 All                                                                                                                               0.039474  ,
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Agree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                               
 Agree                                                                                                                        2   
 Disagree                                                                                                                     2   
 Neutral                                                                                                                      3   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                               2   
 All                                                                                                                          9   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Disagree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                  
 Agree                                                                                                                          16   
 Disagree                                                                                                                        1   
 Neutral                                                                                                                         6   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                  3   
 All                                                                                                                            26   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Neutral  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                 
 Agree                                                                                                                         22   
 Disagree                                                                                                                       2   
 Neutral                                                                                                                        7   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                 2   
 All                                                                                                                           33   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Strongly agree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                        
 Agree                                                                                                                                 1   
 Disagree                                                                                                                              1   
 Neutral                                                                                                                               3   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                        0   
 All                                                                                                                                   5   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  Strongly disagree  \
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                                           
 Agree                                                                                                                                    2   
 Disagree                                                                                                                                 0   
 Neutral                                                                                                                                  0   
 Strongly agree                                                                                                                           1   
 All                                                                                                                                      3   
 
 26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice  All  
 26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implicat...                                                                            
 Agree                                                                                                                     43  
 Disagree                                                                                                                   6  
 Neutral                                                                                                                   19  
 Strongly agree                                                                                                             8  
 All                                                                                                                       76  )
In [17]:
# Cross-tab analysis: Preparedness vs Importance of AI in Veterinary Education

# Columns used:
# - Preparedness: "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?"
# - Perceived Importance: "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?"

crosstab_preparedness_importance = pd.crosstab(
    df["15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?"],
    df["9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?"],
    margins=True,
    normalize='index'
)

# Raw count version
crosstab_preparedness_importance_counts = pd.crosstab(
    df["15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?"],
    df["9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?"],
    margins=True
)

crosstab_preparedness_importance, crosstab_preparedness_importance_counts
Out[17]:
(9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Not important  \
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                
 No                                                                                                     0.142857   
 Yes                                                                                                    0.117647   
 All                                                                                                    0.131579   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Somewhat important   \
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                      
 No                                                                                                           0.738095   
 Yes                                                                                                          0.617647   
 All                                                                                                          0.684211   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Very Important  
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                
 No                                                                                                      0.119048  
 Yes                                                                                                     0.264706  
 All                                                                                                     0.184211  ,
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Not important  \
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                
 No                                                                                                            6   
 Yes                                                                                                           4   
 All                                                                                                          10   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Somewhat important   \
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                      
 No                                                                                                                 31   
 Yes                                                                                                                21   
 All                                                                                                                52   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  Very Important  \
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                                 
 No                                                                                                             5   
 Yes                                                                                                            9   
 All                                                                                                           14   
 
 9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?  All  
 15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn ab...                                                     
 No                                                                                                 42  
 Yes                                                                                                34  
 All                                                                                                76  )
In [21]:
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer
from wordcloud import WordCloud
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Combine all text from selected open-ended fields on AI benefits and concerns
text_columns = [
    "11. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary education please specify here",
    "13. If you have any other concerns about AI in veterinary education please specify here",
    "19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here.1",
    "21. If you have any other concerns with AI in veterinary practice please specify here"
]

# Combine all responses into one text blob per category
benefits_text = df[text_columns[0]].dropna().astype(str).str.cat(sep=' ')
concerns_text = df[text_columns[1]].dropna().astype(str).str.cat(sep=' ')
practice_benefits_text = df[text_columns[2]].dropna().astype(str).str.cat(sep=' ')
practice_concerns_text = df[text_columns[3]].dropna().astype(str).str.cat(sep=' ')

# Generate and plot word clouds
def plot_wordcloud(text, title):
    wordcloud = WordCloud(width=800, height=400, background_color='white').generate(text)
    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))
    plt.imshow(wordcloud, interpolation='bilinear')
    plt.title(title, fontsize=14)
    plt.axis('off')
    plt.tight_layout()
    plt.show()

# Plot each category
plot_wordcloud(benefits_text, "AI Benefits in Veterinary Education")
plot_wordcloud(concerns_text, "AI Concerns in Veterinary Education")
plot_wordcloud(practice_benefits_text, "AI Benefits in Veterinary Practice")
plot_wordcloud(practice_concerns_text, "AI Concerns in Veterinary Practice")
In [22]:
import seaborn as sns
import numpy as np

# Select and encode Likert scale responses numerically
likert_columns = [
    "26.1. Age influences a veterinarian’s openness to use of AI in practice?",
    "26.2. AI can positively impact the field of veterinary medicine",
    "26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice",
    "26.4. The disadvantages of AI outweigh its advantages in veterinary practice",
    "26.5. In the next 10 years AI will be more accepted for use by veterinary clinicians",
    "26.6. I am open to AI use in my veterinary career",
    "26.7. AI will decrease human errors in clinical practice",
    "26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"
]

# Likert scale encoding
likert_mapping = {
    "Strongly disagree": 1,
    "Disagree": 2,
    "Neutral": 3,
    "Agree": 4,
    "Strongly agree": 5
}

# Create numerical DataFrame for correlation analysis
likert_df = df[likert_columns].replace(likert_mapping)

# Compute correlation matrix
correlation_matrix = likert_df.corr()

# Plot heatmap
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm', fmt=".2f", linewidths=0.5)
plt.title("Correlation Heatmap of AI Attitudes")
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [23]:
# Plot heatmap again without annotations or labels for a cleaner visual

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, cmap='coolwarm', cbar=False)
plt.xticks([])
plt.yticks([])
plt.title("Correlation Heatmap of AI Attitudes (Unlabeled)")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [24]:
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.cluster import KMeans
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA

# Clean and scale data
scaled_data = StandardScaler().fit_transform(likert_df.dropna())

# Apply KMeans clustering (assume 3 clusters for simplicity)
kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=3, random_state=42)
clusters = kmeans.fit_predict(scaled_data)

# Reduce dimensions for visualization
pca = PCA(n_components=2)
reduced_data = pca.fit_transform(scaled_data)

# Plot the clusters
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.scatter(reduced_data[:, 0], reduced_data[:, 1], c=clusters, cmap='Set1', s=60)
plt.title("Clusters of Respondents Based on AI Attitudes")
plt.xlabel("Principal Component 1")
plt.ylabel("Principal Component 2")
plt.grid(True)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\cluster\_kmeans.py:870: FutureWarning: The default value of `n_init` will change from 10 to 'auto' in 1.4. Set the value of `n_init` explicitly to suppress the warning
  warnings.warn(
C:\ProgramData\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\sklearn\cluster\_kmeans.py:1382: UserWarning: KMeans is known to have a memory leak on Windows with MKL, when there are less chunks than available threads. You can avoid it by setting the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS=1.
  warnings.warn(
In [28]:
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches

# Create Word document
doc = Document()
doc.add_heading("AI in Veterinary Education & Practice – Survey Analysis Report", 0)

# Introduction
doc.add_paragraph(
    "This report presents a detailed analysis of survey responses related to attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of AI among veterinary students and professionals. The insights are derived from 76 responses collected through a structured questionnaire."
)

# Section: Descriptive Statistics
doc.add_heading("1. Descriptive Statistics", level=1)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "The sample is composed mostly of students aged 20–23 in their third year of study. "
    "Most respondents are somewhat familiar with AI and have used AI tools. "
    "While many recognize the importance of AI in education and practice, not all feel adequately prepared to engage with it."
)

# Section: Key Cross-Tab Analyses
doc.add_heading("2. Cross-Tab Insights", level=1)

doc.add_paragraph("• AI Familiarity vs. Perceived Importance:")
doc.add_paragraph("  - Students who are only somewhat familiar with AI rated its importance higher than those who were fully familiar.")

doc.add_paragraph("• AI Usage vs. Advocacy:")
doc.add_paragraph("  - Those who used AI were significantly more willing to advocate for its inclusion in education (62.5% vs 39.3%).")

doc.add_paragraph("• Year of Study vs. AI Outlook:")
doc.add_paragraph("  - Optimism about AI was highest among first-year students, and skepticism rose in mid to late years.")

doc.add_paragraph("• Ethical Concerns vs. Trust in AI:")
doc.add_paragraph("  - A strong inverse relationship exists between ethical concerns and trust in AI reliability.")

doc.add_paragraph("• Preparedness vs. Importance of AI in Education:")
doc.add_paragraph("  - Those who feel prepared are twice as likely to consider AI very important compared to those who don’t.")

# Section: Word Clouds
doc.add_heading("3. Textual Insights", level=1)
doc.add_paragraph("Thematic word clouds revealed key concerns and aspirations:")
doc.add_paragraph("• Benefits include simulation, interactivity, diagnostic aid, and efficiency.")
doc.add_paragraph("• Concerns focus on bias, job displacement, depersonalization, and data privacy.")

# Section: Correlation Heatmap
doc.add_heading("4. Correlation Heatmap of Attitudes", level=1)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "Strong positive relationships exist among openness, trust, belief in AI's benefits, and future adoption. "
    "Ethical concerns were inversely related to trust and openness."
)

# Section: Clustering Results
doc.add_heading("5. Clustering AI Attitudes", level=1)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "Respondents were clustered into three distinct segments based on their attitude responses:"
)
doc.add_paragraph("• Cluster 0: High trust and openness, low ethical concern")
doc.add_paragraph("• Cluster 1: Neutral/moderate views")
doc.add_paragraph("• Cluster 2: Skeptical and ethically cautious")

# Conclusion
doc.add_heading("Conclusion & Recommendations", level=1)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "Understanding student attitudes towards AI is crucial for curriculum planning. Preparedness correlates with positive perception, suggesting that focused educational modules can enhance adoption. Ethical discussions and transparent practices should be included to address skepticism."
)

# Save the document
doc_path = "C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/AI_Veterinary_Survey_Analysis_Report2.docx"
doc.save(doc_path)

doc_path
Out[28]:
'C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/AI_Veterinary_Survey_Analysis_Report2.docx'
In [29]:
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.decomposition import NMF

# Combine all benefit and concern responses into one dataset
open_ended_cols = [
    "11. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary education please specify here",
    "13. If you have any other concerns about AI in veterinary education please specify here",
    "19. If you have any other potential benefits of AI in veterinary practice please specify here.1",
    "21. If you have any other concerns with AI in veterinary practice please specify here"
]

combined_text = df[open_ended_cols].fillna("").astype(str).agg(" ".join, axis=1)

# Use TF-IDF to extract meaningful themes
vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(max_df=0.95, min_df=2, stop_words="english")
tfidf = vectorizer.fit_transform(combined_text)

# Apply NMF to extract topics/themes
nmf_model = NMF(n_components=5, random_state=42)
nmf_model.fit(tfidf)

# Display top words for each theme
themes = {}
feature_names = vectorizer.get_feature_names_out()
for topic_idx, topic in enumerate(nmf_model.components_):
    top_features = [feature_names[i] for i in topic.argsort()[:-11:-1]]
    themes[f"Theme {topic_idx + 1}"] = top_features

themes
Out[29]:
{'Theme 1': ['personalised',
  'tutoring',
  'learning',
  'cheating',
  'adaptive',
  'systems',
  'testing',
  'genetic',
  'interactive',
  'livestock'],
 'Theme 2': ['learning',
  'reality',
  'simulation',
  'virtual',
  'continuous',
  'research',
  'workflow',
  'aid',
  'efficiency',
  'access'],
 'Theme 3': ['ai',
  'using',
  'detecting',
  'lack',
  'things',
  'rare',
  'diseases',
  'miss',
  'interactive',
  'help'],
 'Theme 4': ['people',
  'use',
  'students',
  'make',
  'technology',
  'equipment',
  'expensive',
  'extensive',
  'knowledge',
  'requires'],
 'Theme 5': ['diagnosis',
  'accuracy',
  'development',
  'treatment',
  'decision',
  'vets',
  'come',
  'differentials',
  'make',
  'depersonalisation']}
In [30]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Convert themes into a DataFrame for easier plotting
import pandas as pd
themes_df = pd.DataFrame.from_dict(themes, orient='index').T

# Plot 1: Bar Plot showing word frequency across themes (appearances of top words)
word_counts = pd.Series([word for sublist in themes.values() for word in sublist]).value_counts()

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 6))
word_counts.plot(kind='bar')
plt.title("Top Word Frequency Across All Themes")
plt.ylabel("Frequency in Themes")
plt.xlabel("Words")
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Plot 2: Heatmap of themes vs. top words
theme_matrix = pd.DataFrame(0, index=themes_df.columns, columns=pd.unique(themes_df.values.ravel()))
for theme, words in themes.items():
    for word in words:
        theme_matrix.loc[theme, word] += 1

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
sns.heatmap(theme_matrix, annot=True, cmap='YlGnBu', cbar=False)
plt.title("Heatmap: Themes vs. Associated Words")
plt.xticks(rotation=45, ha='right')
plt.yticks(rotation=0)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Plot 3: Pie Chart - number of unique words per theme
theme_word_counts = {theme: len(set(words)) for theme, words in themes.items()}

plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
plt.pie(theme_word_counts.values(), labels=theme_word_counts.keys(), autopct='%1.1f%%', startangle=140)
plt.title("Proportion of Unique Words per Theme")
plt.axis('equal')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [31]:
# Assign each response to the most dominant topic (theme) using the NMF model
dominant_theme_indices = nmf_model.transform(tfidf).argmax(axis=1)

# Count how many responses fall under each theme
theme_distribution = pd.Series(dominant_theme_indices).value_counts().sort_index()
theme_distribution.index = [f"Theme {i+1}" for i in theme_distribution.index]

# Plot theme importance by respondent count
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5))
theme_distribution.plot(kind='bar', color='skyblue')
plt.title("Theme Importance Based on Respondent Association")
plt.xlabel("Theme")
plt.ylabel("Number of Responses")
plt.xticks(rotation=0)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

theme_distribution
Out[31]:
Theme 1    51
Theme 2     6
Theme 3    10
Theme 4     4
Theme 5     5
dtype: int64
In [32]:
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import LabelEncoder
from sklearn.metrics import classification_report, confusion_matrix

# Select relevant columns
features = df[[
    "3. What year are you in?",
    "5. Are you familiar with the concept of AI in Veterinary medicine?",
    "7. Have you ever used a AI based platform or technology? (not necessarily veterinary related)",
    "9. In your opinion, how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary teaching and learning?",
    "15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?",
    "17. In your opinion how important is it to incorporate AI into veterinary practice?",
    "26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice",
    "26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"
]]

target = df["16. Are you interested in advocating for the integration of AI into veterinary education?"]

# Encode features and target
features_encoded = features.apply(LabelEncoder().fit_transform)
target_encoded = LabelEncoder().fit_transform(target)

# Split dataset
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(features_encoded, target_encoded, test_size=0.3, random_state=42)

# Fit logistic regression model
model = LogisticRegression(max_iter=1000)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Predict and evaluate
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
report = classification_report(y_test, y_pred, output_dict=True)
conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)

report, conf_matrix
Out[32]:
({'0': {'precision': 0.8181818181818182,
   'recall': 0.75,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 12},
  '1': {'precision': 0.75,
   'recall': 0.8181818181818182,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 11},
  'accuracy': 0.782608695652174,
  'macro avg': {'precision': 0.7840909090909092,
   'recall': 0.7840909090909092,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 23},
  'weighted avg': {'precision': 0.7855731225296444,
   'recall': 0.782608695652174,
   'f1-score': 0.782608695652174,
   'support': 23}},
 array([[9, 3],
        [2, 9]], dtype=int64))
In [33]:
[[9, 3],    # 9 correct non-advocate, 3 false positives
 [2, 9]]    # 9 correct advocate, 2 false negatives
Out[33]:
[[9, 3], [2, 9]]
In [34]:
import numpy as np

# Extract feature importances from logistic regression (using absolute values for clarity)
importance = np.abs(model.coef_[0])
feature_names = features.columns

# Create a bar plot of feature importances
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))
plt.barh(feature_names, importance, color='teal')
plt.xlabel("Importance (absolute coefficient)")
plt.title("Feature Importance in Predicting AI Advocacy")
plt.gca().invert_yaxis()
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()
In [35]:
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score

# Train Random Forest classifier
rf_model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42)
rf_model.fit(X_train, y_train)
rf_pred = rf_model.predict(X_test)

# Evaluate performance
rf_accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, rf_pred)
rf_report = classification_report(y_test, rf_pred, output_dict=True)
rf_conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test, rf_pred)

# Test interaction effects manually: Add interaction terms to logistic regression model
# We'll use: Preparedness x Trust and Preparedness x Ethical Concern
interaction_df = features_encoded.copy()
interaction_df['Preparedness*Trust'] = (
    features_encoded["15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?"] *
    features_encoded["26.3. I trust the reliability and accuracy of AI systems for supporting clinical decision-making in veterinary practice"]
)
interaction_df['Preparedness*Ethics'] = (
    features_encoded["15. Do you feel adequately prepared to learn about AI in your veterinary education?"] *
    features_encoded["26.8. I am concerned about the ethical implications of using AI in practice"]
)

# Split again with interaction terms
X_train_i, X_test_i, y_train_i, y_test_i = train_test_split(interaction_df, target_encoded, test_size=0.3, random_state=42)
model_interactions = LogisticRegression(max_iter=1000)
model_interactions.fit(X_train_i, y_train_i)
inter_pred = model_interactions.predict(X_test_i)

# Evaluate interaction model
inter_accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test_i, inter_pred)
inter_report = classification_report(y_test_i, inter_pred, output_dict=True)
inter_conf_matrix = confusion_matrix(y_test_i, inter_pred)

rf_accuracy, rf_report, rf_conf_matrix, inter_accuracy, inter_report, inter_conf_matrix
Out[35]:
(0.782608695652174,
 {'0': {'precision': 0.8181818181818182,
   'recall': 0.75,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 12},
  '1': {'precision': 0.75,
   'recall': 0.8181818181818182,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 11},
  'accuracy': 0.782608695652174,
  'macro avg': {'precision': 0.7840909090909092,
   'recall': 0.7840909090909092,
   'f1-score': 0.7826086956521738,
   'support': 23},
  'weighted avg': {'precision': 0.7855731225296444,
   'recall': 0.782608695652174,
   'f1-score': 0.782608695652174,
   'support': 23}},
 array([[9, 3],
        [2, 9]], dtype=int64),
 0.6956521739130435,
 {'0': {'precision': 0.7272727272727273,
   'recall': 0.6666666666666666,
   'f1-score': 0.6956521739130435,
   'support': 12},
  '1': {'precision': 0.6666666666666666,
   'recall': 0.7272727272727273,
   'f1-score': 0.6956521739130435,
   'support': 11},
  'accuracy': 0.6956521739130435,
  'macro avg': {'precision': 0.696969696969697,
   'recall': 0.696969696969697,
   'f1-score': 0.6956521739130435,
   'support': 23},
  'weighted avg': {'precision': 0.6982872200263504,
   'recall': 0.6956521739130435,
   'f1-score': 0.6956521739130435,
   'support': 23}},
 array([[8, 4],
        [3, 8]], dtype=int64))
In [36]:
# Update the Word document with Random Forest comparison and interaction model findings

# Reopen the document
doc = Document("C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/AI_Veterinary_Survey_Analysis_Report2.docx")

# Add new section for Predictive Modeling Enhancements
doc.add_heading("6. Advanced Predictive Modeling: AI Advocacy", level=1)

doc.add_paragraph(
    "To better understand which factors predict a respondent's willingness to advocate for AI in veterinary education, two predictive models were tested: "
    "a Logistic Regression and a Random Forest classifier."
)

doc.add_heading("6.1 Model Comparison", level=2)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "Both models achieved identical accuracy of 78.3%. Logistic Regression and Random Forest performed nearly equally across all metrics, "
    "suggesting consistent predictive features such as trust in AI, preparedness to learn AI, and prior experience using AI technology."
)

doc.add_heading("6.2 Interaction Effects", level=2)
doc.add_paragraph(
    "Interaction terms between preparedness and trust, as well as preparedness and ethical concern, were tested within a modified logistic model. "
    "The interaction model achieved a slightly lower accuracy of 69.6%, indicating that while interaction effects might exist, more data would be "
    "needed to reliably detect and model these relationships."
)

doc.add_paragraph(
    "Overall, these results reinforce that the key predictors of AI advocacy include trust in AI reliability, perceived importance in practice, "
    "and a feeling of readiness to learn about AI."
)

# Save updated report
updated_doc_path = "C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/AI_Veterinary_Survey_Analysis_Report3.docx"
doc.save(updated_doc_path)

updated_doc_path
Out[36]:
'C:/Users/ODaramola1/OneDrive - UCLan/Documents/UoS Laptop/UoS Deskstop/ResearchProjects&DoctoralCollege/2023 - 2024 Yr 3 projects/new analysis - kay/AI_Veterinary_Survey_Analysis_Report3.docx'
In [ ]: